Peer-reviewed (refereed) journals contain articles written by experts that are reviewed by other experts in the field for quality before publication. All peer-reviewed journals are scholarly but not all scholarly journals are peer-reviewed.
To determine if a journal is peer reviewed, search for the article title in OneSearch and look for the icon or search for the journal title in Ulrichsweb and look for the refereed icon.
Preprint is a draft of a research paper before peer review and publication in a journal.
Postprint is a draft of a research paper after peer review but before publication in a journal.
Published is the final version of a research paper published in a journal.
Open access articles are freely available to anyone (does not require a subscription to access the content).
Predatory journals take advantage of authors by asking them to publish for a fee without providing peer-review or editing services.
Some reputable publishers are ACM, Elsevier, IEEE, Nature, Sage, Springer, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley.
It is important to evaluate all sources you find especially those on the web. The CRAAP Test by Sarah Blakesle is a list of questions to help you evaluate the information you find. Different criteria will be more or less important depending on your situation or need.
The design of this page was partly adapted from Research: By Course, Subject, or Topic, by University of Arizona Libraries, © 2020 The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of The University of Arizona, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.